CJS 2350 Skills Certificate
Description
Skills Certificate provides students that have completed POST Boards approved Professional Peace Officers Education (PPOE) Academic Program with the skills requirements of the Professional Peace Officers Education Category Three: Performance of Peace Officer Duties and Tasks and Category Four: Tools, Techniques and Tactics for licensing as a peace officer. This course meets the transfer pathways requirements.
Credits
12
Prerequisite
None
Corequisite
None
Topics to be Covered
1. Performance of Peace Officer Duties
2. Tools. Techniques and Tactics
Learning Outcomes
1. Students will be able to successfully identify the knowledge base, respond to and properly handle all tasks associated with the following Professional Police Officer Education (PPOE) learning objectives required by the Minnesota POST Board:
Category 3
*Practical Law Enforcement Writing
3.1.1 Demonstrate proficiency in field-note taking by effectively and legibly gathering and organizing facts and collecting crime scene intelligence from witnesses, victims, and suspects for use in police reports. Prepare professional reports in the first-person viewpoint; differentiate between facts, inferences, and opinions; use correct grammar, spelling, punctuation, capitalization, sentence, and paragraph structure, including all relevant details.
3.1.2 Prepare documentation for arrest warrants and for search warrants based on probable cause.
* Interviewing and Interrogating
3.2.1"Discuss interview techniques used to:
- build rapport,
- encourage full meaningful answers and discourage suggestibility,
- clarify and corroborate statements,
- enhance memory,
- detect deception, and
- obtain information from a reluctant witness."
3.2.2 Evaluate and apply relevant interview considerations and techniques when engaging with vulnerable groups, including children, vulnerable adults, and traumatized victims, by identifying the interviewee’s needs and circumstances and the appropriate methods based on situational factors.
3.2.3 "Conduct interviews using procedures that:
- are appropriate to the situation,
- ensure the protection of individual rights,
- effectively gather information,
- encourage cooperation, and
- enhance memory."
3.2.4 Conduct interrogations of suspects using appropriate techniques to gather information, detect deception, and gain an admission or confession depending on the circumstances.
3.2.5 Explain and participate in evidence-based procedures for identifying suspects, e.g., lineup, photo lineup, and field identification, including blind/blinded administration of the lineup, instructions to the eye witness that the perpetrator may or may not be present, use of nonsuspect “fillers” that match the eyewitness’s description of the perpetrator and do not make the suspect noticeably stand out and asking a witness to state his or her level of certainty, in his or her own words, as soon as an identification is made.
3.2.6 "Describe how eyewitness memory works and how it can be impacted by estimator variables (e.g.,
lighting at the crime scene, distance from the crime, presence of a weapon, cross-racial factors) and system variable (e.g., lineup procedures)."
* Peace Officer Testimony
3.3.1 Describe the relationship between good report writing and effectively communicating their observations, actions, and conclusions in a clear and concise manner during testimony.
3.3.2 Demonstrate an understanding of courtroom rules and procedures, and identify the strategies necessary to maintain professionalism and credibility during testimony, including appropriate dress and decorum.
3.3.3 Develop skills in preparing and presenting accurate and truthful testimony in legal proceedings complying with courtroom procedures, and recognizing the potential ramifications of providing erroneous or insufficient information.
3.3.4 Identify common challenges and pitfalls in testifying, effectively communicate observations, actions, and conclusions during cross examination, and avoid attempts to undermine credibility.
* Applying Conflict Management/Resolution and Crisis Negotiation/Mediation Principles
3.4.1 Discuss how conflict management strategies depend on the situation and various strategies that may be useful in resolving situations involving individuals dealing with mental illness or, substance use.
3.4.2 "Model reasonable and effective conflict management strategies and
skills intended to de-escalate volatile situations including:
- assessing and interpreting body language that is indicative of escalation or de-escalation of volatile situations, and
- using of situationally appropriate communication strategies."
3.4.3 Model reasonable and effective dispute mediation strategies and techniques.
* Evidence
3.5.1 Describe the protective equipment necessary to protect against potential hazards when collecting and processing evidence (e.g., exposure to chemicals, biological materials, sharp objects, or other dangerous substances.)
3.5.2 Identify various types of evidence (e.g., blood and biological samples, weapons, explosives, arson-related materials, hair and fiber samples, impressions, fingerprints, documents, and clothing), and describe the potential risks associated with contamination of evidence.
3.5.3 Demonstrate proper preservation, collection, processing, storage, and chain of custody procedures for a variety of types of evidence, (e.g., fingerprints, DNA, shoe/tire impressions, and blood spatter) to ensure integrity, admissibility, and reliability as evidence in a legal investigation.
3.5.4 Demonstrate proper evidence documenting techniques (e.g., notetaking, field sketching and/or photographing/videoing and chain of custody) to ensure the preservation and reliability of evidence.
3.5.5 Discuss the impact of new or emerging technologies on crime scene evidence collection and investigation.
3.5.6 Recognize, secure and protect technical evidence at a crime scene, e.g., computers, phones, cameras, surveillance equipment.
3.5.7 Explain the impact of the Electronic Communication Privacy Act and other pertinent case law on the collection of technological evidence.
3.5.8 Discuss the importance of information obtained from electronic devices in crimes including: pornography, economic fraud, e-mail threats, extortion, gambling, identity theft, narcotics, prostitution, software piracy, and telecommunications fraud.
* Basics of Initial Response and Investigation
3.6.1 "Practice responding to a variety of requests for service including:
- receiving and comprehending information to and from dispatcher,
- demonstrating safe vehicle positioning where applicable based on type of call and information available,
- observing and conducting initial assessment upon arrival at the scene for safety concerns and useful information,
- using active listening and clear oral communication skills,
- identifying victims, witnesses and suspects,
- taking statements and conducting initial interviews,
- making reasonable decisions based on a reasonable interpretation of observations and circumstances, and
- determining what additional services might be called in, e.g., EMS, Social Services."
3.6.2 Demonstrate how to safely and properly secure and protect a crime scene.
3.6.3 Given a crime scene, determine if there is enough evidence to provide probable cause for a search or arrest warrant and fill out the appropriate form(s) to obtain the warrant.
3.6.4 Request search or arrest warrants where appropriate.
* Making Contacts, Detentions and Arrests
3.7.1 "Describe and demonstrate how to make contacts, detentions and arrests including:
- reading Miranda rights and verifying understanding,
- selecting, applying and removing types of restraints, e.g. handcuffs, flex-cuffs, leg restraints,
- conducting a search incident to arrest."
3.7.2 "Demonstrate strategies and techniques for safely taking a person into custody in a variety of locations when:
- the subject is non-compliant or combative,
- there are multiple subjects to be arrested, and
- the subject(s) are larger and stronger than the officer."
3.7.3 Identify limitations on the use of certain restraints by a peace officer as described in Minn. Stat. 609.06, including limitations on chokeholds, tying all of a person’s limbs together behind a person’s back and securing a person in any way that results in transporting the person face down in a vehicle.
3.7.4 Describe and demonstrate protocols and procedures to safely transport a person in custody.
3.7.5 Define the terms booking, arraignment, bail and personal recognizance.
* Conducting Searches and Seizures
3.8.1 Identify officer survival/safety issues related to searches of a person, a vehicle, and a building.
3.8.2 "Conduct searches and seizures in accordance with State statutes and criminal code and demonstrate conscious application of the concepts of reasonable suspicion and probable cause including:
- a legal, consensual search of a person,
- a custodial search,
- a searching and inventorying of a vehicle including explaining when a vehicle may be impounded, and
- a building search."
* Physical Fitness
3.9.1 Perform stretching, aerobics and conditioning exercises at the direction of an instructor as part of an overall fitness program to enhance strength, agility, flexibility, speed, and cardiovascular endurance.
3.9.2 Pass a physical fitness test with an overall accumulative passing score.
3.9.3 Perform peace officer duties requiring physical fitness, including foot pursuits, using defensive tactics to apprehend subjects, making arrests, performing search and rescue missions, controlling crowds, and emergency response.
* Administering Emergency Medical Care
3.10.1 "Successfully complete an Emergency Medical Responder course from an Emergency Medical Services Regulatory Board (EMSRB) approved program (U.S. DOT National standard curriculum required) or higher level certification such as Emergency Medical Technician or paramedic.
NOTE: Basic combat lifesaver courses do not meet this objective but other, higher level military emergency medical courses may providing the course is at least 40 hours long and includes the objectives of the EMR course including those related to cardiac arrest, pregnancy, childbirth, pediatric and geriatric patient care. The education standards for Emergency Medical Responder may be viewed at http://www.ems.gov/pdf/811077a.pdf.
3.10.2 Explain the implications of the Good Samaritan Law (Minn. Stat. 604A.05) as it relates to peace officers and citizens.
3.10.3 Discuss tactical emergency medical care considerations in on-going emergency situations.
3.10.4 Demonstrate awareness of Minn. Stat. 169.752 & 753 Medical Equipment which states: “Every patrol motor vehicle shall be equipped with and carry first aid equipment” and “Law enforcement officers operating patrol motor vehicles shall be trained in the use and application of first aid equipment.”
* Enforcing Traffic Law and Making Vehicle Stops
3.11.1 Explain the purpose of proactive traffic enforcement and vehicle equipment checks/stops.
3.11.2 Identify the following elements of driving conduct as they relate to Minnesota Motor Vehicle and Traffic Laws: speed, local authority, right of way, traffic crashes, railroad crossings, school buses, stopping, standing and parking, reckless and careless driving, open bottle, criminal vehicular operation and fleeing a peace officer, signs and signals, and turning.
3.11.3 Identify the equipment necessary to operate a vehicle in proper working condition including: lighting, brakes, seat belts and child restraints, mufflers, windshields, bumpers; and, identify the exemption from equipment restrictions.
3.11.4 Discuss how traffic law applies to bicycles and pedestrians.
3.11.5 Given a variety of scenarios practice enforcing traffic law including issuing traffic citations and documenting a vehicle stop.
3.11.6 Identify a variety of driver’s licenses including international driver’s license and out of state licenses, various types of Minnesota driver’s licenses, and various license statuses including current, expired, canceled, CONAX, suspended, and revoked.
3.11.7 Explain how diplomatic immunity may impact issuance of a traffic citation.
3.11.8 Discuss balancing respectful, rapport building communication with enforcing traffic law and maintaining safety.
3.11.9 Explain how traffic citations are processed for juvenile offenders.
3.11.10 "Discuss the use and application of speed estimates including:
- the radar standards implications of the 1971 case of Minnesota vs. Gerdes, and
- Minnesota Statute standards for running RADAR (Minn. Stat. 169.14, Subp. 9 and 10)."
3.11.11 Summarize the features and applications of various models of RADAR/speed-measuring equipment.
3.11.12 Demonstrate how to use a RADAR/speed measuring equipment.
3.11.13 Identify and discuss officer survival/safety issues related to stopping and approaching vehicles.
3.11.14 "Review scenarios of peace officer traffic stops and identify:
- what circumstances impact officer conduct including best practices and high-risk mistakes, and
- reasonable use of discretion in deciding what enforcement action to take or not take."
3.11.15 Discuss how secondary offenses may be discovered during traffic enforcement and the importance of being observant for contraband and suspicious behavior during traffic stops.
3.11.16 "Conduct a motor vehicle traffic stop in accordance with procedures and laws including:
- observing traffic and identifying traffic violations,
- notifying dispatch of location of the stop, vehicle information and the number of occupants,
- Initiating the traffic stop by activating lights and/or siren,
- selecting a safe location for a traffic stop and safe vehicle positioning,
- taking appropriate precautions exiting a squad and approaching a vehicle,
- observing vehicle occupant(s) behavior and vehicle contents for risk factors,
- collecting driver license and proof of insurance,
- recording vehicle information,
- communicating with the driver about the cause of the stop,
- determining if a citation or warning should be issued, and whether a search, arrest, or drug or alcohol test should be made depending on circumstances,
- preparing and presenting citations or warnings and explaining how to pay the fine or arrange a court date, and the consequences of failing to act on the ticket, and
- taking steps to safely terminate the stop and return to squad."
3.11.17 "Conduct a mock high risk/felony stop including:
- relaying information to dispatch and requesting back-up,
- selecting safe and tactically appropriate location for the stop and squad position,
- communicating with other officers on scene to coordinate the stop, -conduct the stop using strategies, tactics and communication methods appropriate to the circumstances and observed behaviors, e.g., confrontational behavior, weapons on scene, objects."
* Serving Legal Process Documents/Warrants
3.12.1 Discuss officer safety issues relevant to serving warrants and special procedures to follow when serving potentially high risk warrants.
* Responding to & Investigating Specific Types of Calls
3.13.1 "Demonstrate knowledge of reasonable procedures for enforcement of Federal and State laws and law enforcement procedures when responding to and investigating specific type of crimes."
A. Active Shooter and In-Progress Crimes
3.13.1 Discuss the peace officer’s role in active shooter situations.
3.13.2 Explain and/or demonstrate techniques and protocols for effectively and safely responding to crimes in progress.
B. Child and Vulnerable Adult Abuse and Neglect
3.13.3 "Explain law enforcement procedures for response to child and vulnerable adult abuse and neglect situations including:
- identifying behaviors, signs or symptoms indicative of physical, sexual, and psychological abuse, maltreatment and neglect,
- completing mandatory reporting requirements,
- contacting appropriate social service agencies,
- explaining Munchausen by proxy and shaken baby syndromes, and
- explaining what sudden infant death syndrome is and how it is not a crime."
3.13.4 Identify mandatory reporters of suspected abuse and discuss where to report, what must be reported, the confidentiality of reports, and the legal ramifications for not reporting.
3.13.5 Discuss the collaborative child abuse team approach in investigating child abuse.
3.13.6 Discuss special interview consideration when dealing with including the terms suggestibility and child centered interviewing.
3.13.7 Explain child welfare holds that allow officers to remove children from at-risk situations.
C. Death Scene Response and Notification
3.13.8 Explain officer duties in death notification/body identification situations.
3.13.9 Discuss investigation and evidence collection techniques specifically related to homicide, suicide, accidental and natural death scenes.
D. Disaster/Large Scale Emergency Response and Incident Command
3.13.10 Describe the peace officers' role in responding to large-scale emergencies and disasters involving safety concerns and ongoing threats, such as gas leaks, downed power lines, looters, fires, domestic and foreign terrorism, critical infrastructure, homeland security, and the militia movement. Demonstrate conducting on-scene assessments, explain maintaining interagency communication, and collaborate with utility companies, traffic and crowd management personnel, and other law enforcement agencies. Discuss the challenges of balancing national security concerns and civil rights during emergencies.
3.13.11 "Summarize the elements of the Incident Command System (ICS) including:
- the overall objectives and primary functions of ICS,
- the typical agencies that are involved in the ICS,
- the roles of emergency/first responder in preparedness and response systems during and after disaster situations,
- the typical hierarchical chain of command structure, and
- the role of the FBI if the disaster is related to foreign or domestic terrorism."
3.13.12 "Summarize characteristics of systems involved in preparing for and managing large scale disasters including:
- the elements of the national preparedness system and the national response plan, and
- the purposes, key concepts and principles of the National Incident Management System (NIMS)."
3.13.13 "Explain law enforcement functions aimed at protecting critical
infrastructure and potential targets from terrorism and/or natural disasters."
E. Domestic Violence Response and Investigation
3.13.14 "Discuss risks associated with domestic violence situations and safe approach techniques including:
- why it is best not to respond alone,
- the importance of gathering as much information as possible prior to response,
- the importance of initial scene assessment, and
- why it is important not to reveal the name of the person who
requested police response."
3.13.15 Explain when an arrest is warranted, when an arrest is mandatory and the time period in which an arrest can be made in domestic violence related situations.
3.13.16 "Manage a domestic violence scenario including:
- performing an initial assessment of the scene for relevant cues,
- calling for back up, medical assistance, child services, or other service as needed
- taking reasonable actions to stop any on-going abuse including asking to see the alleged victim or subject of the call alone, requesting entry to residence if necessary to talk to victim and getting a warrant when needed,
- employing communication techniques as appropriate to de-escalate volatile situations including separating involved parties,
- explaining rights to victims and providing victim services information,
- providing officer contact information to victim, and
- making arrest decisions based on probable cause, determination of predominant aggressor, violation of court orders, and other factors."
3.13.17 Discuss service of protective orders and related risks.
F. Drug and Alcohol Response and Investigation
3.13.18 Describe dangers associated with handling drugs and with drug production laboratories and related precautionary measures.
3.13.19 Describe behavioral symptoms that may be associated with drug use and abuse including the characteristics and physical effects of psychoactive drugs like methamphetamine.
3.13.20 Describe methods of transportation and concealment of controlled substances/illicit drugs.
3.13.21 "Identify observable cues indicative of a driver who is impaired by drugs and apply proper procedures to apprehend a drug impaired driver including:
- applying Minnesota Statutes relevant to controlled substances and other substances that impair driving,
- explaining when calling for a Drug Recognition Expert is reasonable."
3.13.22 Describe different types of unpredictable and hazardous drugs, such as Fentanyl, PCP, LSD, Synthetic cannabinoids, Methamphetamine, and Heroin, and demonstrate appropriate ways to manage and handle these dangerous substances.
3.13.23 Describe investigative procedures used in drug interdiction, including intelligence gathering, surveillance, and undercover operations, vehicle searches and field test protocols, interagency cooperation, and asset forfeiture.
G. DUI/DWI Response and Investigations
3.13.24 "Explain why law enforcement enforces alcohol and beverage control laws and laws related to driving under the influence including;
- the effects of alcohol on the body and driving, and
- the relationship between DWI violations and crashes."
3.13.25 Describe the terms Driving While Impaired (DWI) and Driving Under the Influence (DUI).
3.13.26 Explain what the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) does and its suggested drunk driving prevention techniques.
3.13.27 "Describe methods to detect individuals who are under the influence of alcohol including:
- the role of psychological and physical testing and the preliminary breath test as impaired driver screening tools, and
- the concepts of divided attention and nystagmus, and the advantages and limitations of preliminary breath testing."
3.13.28 "Demonstrate how to process an impaired driver, including:
- identifying driving behaviors and violations indicative of impaired driving
- administering impaired driver screening tests including the standardized field sobriety test (SFST) battery and horizontal gaze nystagmus.
- demonstrating knowledge of the precautions for use of the PBT as addressed in the Implied Consent Form,
- interpreting and documenting test results, and
- apprehending violators of DWI/DUI laws."
3.13.29 Explain the proper use of the State of Minnesota BCA Blood and Urine Collection Kit.
3.13.30 Describe evidence and reports required to give testimony in court related to DWI/DUI cases.
3.13.31 Explain the purpose and process for conducting saturation patrols to target, detect and apprehend impaired drivers.
H. Fire and Arson Response and Investigation
Minn. Stat. 626.84565, Subd. 2. – Specifically requires pre-service education in fire scene response and arson awareness"
3.13.32 Describe the crime of arson, the common evidence used in differentiating between arson caused fire and other causes, and the importance of securing and protecting evidence at fire scenes.
3.13.33 Discuss responsibilities and safety concerns relative to peace officer response to fire scenes and the different roles and responsibilities of officers, fire fighters and representatives of the fire marshal’s office.
3.13.34 Explain how to use a fire extinguisher on various types of fires.
I. Hazardous Materials, Explosives and Bomb Threats
3.13.35 Explain the basic principles of hazardous materials as defined by Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and the Emergency Response Guide Book published by the U.S. Department of Transportation.
3.13.36 Identify some resources for responding to hazardous materials incidents, e.g., fire department, Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, Minnesota Department of Homeland Security and Emergency Management (HSEM), and the Bureau of Criminal Apprehension’s (BCA’s) Emergency Communications Center for State level assistance and notification.
3.13.37 Explain the purpose of hazardous materials placards and the significance of their shapes, color, symbols and texts.
3.13.38 Identify some common hazardous materials placards and where they are commonly located.
3.13.39 "Given scenarios involving hazardous materials describe and/or demonstrate basic incident management skills including:
- recognizing and identifying common hazardous materials or hazardous materials placards, and
- taking situationally appropriate safety precautions and reasonable actions including maintaining a safe distance, clearing the area and making referrals and notifications.3.14.46. Explain the function of the bomb squad."
3.13.40 "Explain and/or demonstrate safety precautions and situationally reasonable actions in response to reports of bomb threats and suspicious objects including:
- when to clear an area and call in the bomb squad,
- procedures to be followed when searching buildings and property to locate explosive devices and materials, and
- risks associated with secondary devices and booby traps."
J. Juvenile Involved Response (Victims andOffenders)
3.13.41 "Explain or demonstrate law enforcement procedures for responding to situations and crime scenes involving juveniles as victims and/or offenders including:
- enforcing status offense laws,
- apply laws applicable to interviewing a juvenile,
- explaining the 72 hour hold rule governing shelter placements, the 36 hour hold rule governing detention hold, parent or guardian notification requirements regarding placements and detentions, and custody and liability issues,
- applying appropriate data practices rules governing incidents involving juveniles including who may request and receive juvenile data, and
- explaining to whom a juvenile may be released."
K. Missing Person Response
3.13.42 Demonstrate familiarity with Minnesota’s missing persons related laws (Minn. Stat. 626.8454, Minn. Stat. 299C.51-299C.5655, 390.25) and the definitions included therein.
3.13.43 Explain peace officers response and reporting responsibilities relative to missing persons.
3.13.44 Describe the role the Minnesota Bureau of Criminal Apprehension plays as a resource in missing person investigations, missing and endangered children and child abductions.
3.13.45 Describe important information to gather relative to a report of a missing child or an endangered person.
3.13.46 Describe data systems and resources available to Minnesota law enforcement in the investigation of missing children and endangered persons.
3.13.47 Explain the purpose of and procedures for conducting a neighborhood canvas and other steps involved in initiating a search for a missing person.
L. Persons In Crisis Response
Note: It is understood that best response tactics will vary depending on the circumstances and volatility of the situation."
3.13.48 "Discuss what an officer should know, behaviors an officer should demonstrate, and communication tactics officers may find useful when interacting with a person struggling with a mental illness to maximize safety and more effectively approach a crisis situation including : - why it is important to gather as much information as possible before arriving at a situation involving a mental health crisis,
- why it is important to respond in pairs and when to involve a mental health crisis response team if possible,
- why, unless the situation is immediately dangerous/critical, officers should not challenge or violate personal space and try to eliminate noise and distractions,
- the advantage of having one officer take lead in communicating, and
- the importance of having patience, building rapport and demonstrating compassion."
3.13.49 "Given situations involving individuals demonstrating signs and/or characteristics of mental illness, behavioral disorder or suicidal intentions requiring intervention, demonstrate appropriate intervention techniques that are likely to be beneficial in managing the situations (Minn. Stat. 626.8455) including:
- modeling behavior that shows the importance of putting safety first, staying alert and the danger of complacency or taking anything for granted when dealing with an individual experiencing a mental health crisis,
- unless situation appears immediately dangerous/critical, avoiding challenging or violating personal space,
- trying to eliminate noise and distractions,
- having one officer take lead and open communication from a safe distance,
- using communication techniques designed to de-escalate volatile situations including:
* being patient, calm, honest and compassionate,
* using active listening skills while not encouraging or agreeing with delusions,
* using a calming voice, and
* avoiding challenging questions and allowing for venting."
3.13.50 "Identify options for resolution of situations involving individuals in mental health crisis situations including:
- identifying resources/services that could be called for assistance, and
- Identifying steps necessary for obtaining an involuntary commitment order by a law enforcement officer."
3.13.51 Explain the prohibition against the use of deadly force in situations involving people who only poses a danger to themselves and how it may apply in mental health crises situations.
M. Sexual Assulat Response and Investigation
3.13.52 "Conduct an initial response to a simulated sexual assault incident using victim centered response strategies* appropriate to the situationthat makes the victim’s wishes, safety and well-being a priority in all matters and procedures and includes provision of the victim information card and contacting a victim advocate.
* Examples of victim-centered response strategies include:
- Secure the scene and manage any immediate safety concerns or medical needs,
- Use situationally appropriate victim-centered communication strategies to promote the victim’s feelings of safety, demonstrate compassion and concern, minimize trauma, and support and
empower the victim, e.g.:
* Assure victims:
-they are safe and believed,
-the assault was not their fault, they are not to blame and have nothing to be ashamed of,
-that reporting was the right thing to do, and
-they are in charge of how things proceed, and
-if appropriate to the situation, assure victims that they will not be charged with minor crimes and that sexual assault takes priority regardless of life circumstances or participation in sex work.
*Listen with empathy and without judgement,
* Limit questioning to what is immediately necessary to identify the nature of the crime and suspects and the immediate needs of the victim; do not interview victims who will have to be re-interviewed by investigators, and not let others question the victim, or pressure them to make decisions,
* If the victim is a child or vulnerable adult limit questioning and adjust communication appropriately.
- Provide victims with information about their rights (including the victim information card is required),
- Connect victims with advocates and non-emergency medical help as needed and as soon as possible,
- Request a sexual assault investigator as soon as possible,
- Identify any special needs for service the victim might have, reach out for assistance and let the victim know help is coming,
- Identify and protect evidence including non-DNA evidence,
- Keep victim informed and provide good, clear advice as appropriate, e.g., when to wash, change clothes, what is going to happen next, the role of forensic exam nurse, victim advocate and sexual assault investigator,
- Manage suspects and bystanders or witnesses in ways that promote the victim’s feelings of safety, dignity and autonomy.
This list is not all inclusive and is subject to change."
N. Vehicle Crash Response and Investigation
3.13.53 "Demonstrate appropriate response tactics when called to a situation involving a motor vehicle crash including:
- talking to and being aware of other responders on the road,
- demonstrating approach tactics appropriate to situation and weather related conditions and to block and protect the crash scene,
- demonstrating appropriate actions to safely and effectively manage the crash scene,
- preserving and processing crash-scene evidence,
- explaining the additional steps to be taken when responding to a “hit and run” accident,
- distinguishing between a required reportable accident and an accident not required to be reported,
- safely re-opening traffic lanes following crash response,
- interviewing drivers and witnesses and obtaining the required information to file the accident report form,
- assisting people who need medical help and/or transportation,
- explaining traffic crash reporting requirements and completing the State of Minnesota-Dept. of Public Safety Accident Report Form,
- explaining the use of the Fatality Report (PS-07093),
- organizing collected evidence for the case file,
- employing traffic direction techniques, and
- arranging for crash to be removed from the roadway."
Category 4 Tools, Techniques and Tactics
* Defensive and Control Tactics
4.1.1 Prior to engaging in practice in defensive and control tactics review considerations for legal, objectively reasonable and necessary use of force and deadly force by a peace officers, prohibitions against use of force and deadly force, limitations of the use of certain restraints, and facts and circumstances that influence what force is reasonable and necessary.
4.1.2 Describe and demonstrate command presence and tactically safe approach techniques in a variety of law enforcement situations.
4.1.3 Demonstrate “soft” empty hand control tactics that may be used on passive resistive subjects and resistive subjects including: distraction techniques, joint manipulations, pressure points, escapes from holds and grasps, come-along from escort techniques and the use of appropriate verbal communication.
4.1.4 Demonstrate “hard” empty hand control techniques that may be used on aggressive, resistive subjects including: restraint techniques, blocks with hands, arms and legs, countermeasure striking techniques using hands, arms, elbows, legs, knees and/or feet, counter striking techniques used in ground fighting, and appropriate verbal commands.
4.1.5 Explain when to handcuff, the risks associated with failing to handcuff and prohibitions against tying all of a person’s limbs together behind a person’s back to render the person immobile, and against securing a person in any way that results in transporting the person face down in a vehicle.
4.1.6 "Demonstrate proper handcuffing techniques from several positions and under a variety of circumstances including:
- use of clear and concise verbal commands,
- techniques for use with cooperative and uncooperative subjects,
- team handcuffing techniques; both standing & prone,
- tactical positioning and subject control during handcuffing and searching,
- application of handcuffs (placement, tightness) and double locking, and
- positioning and transporting of handcuffed subject."
4.1.7 "Explain risk factors for in-custody death including symptoms of
respiratory and cardiac distress and diabetic shock and the importance of monitoring people in custody and getting prompt emergency medical treatment as needed."
4.1.8 "Demonstrate ground fighting tactics including defenses and escapes from positions on the ground or floor including:
- escapes from the top superior position and the bottom superior (supine) position,
- escapes from headlocks and chokeholds,
- defending from four barriers: feet, knees, hands and elbows, and
- practice in multiple subject and multiple officer scenarios."
4.1.9 "Explain and demonstrate basic techniques for use of the baton and impact weapons including:
- draws and grips with batons,
- stances and carrying techniques with batons,
- uses of the baton for physical control techniques,
- uses of the baton as a blocking instrument,
- uses of the baton for striking,
- identification of body target areas for striking, and
- baton retention techniques."
4.1.10 Explain the make-up and characteristics of chemical agents, electronic control weapons used by peace officers.
4.1.11 "Demonstrate basic techniques for the reasonable use of an electronic control weapon (ECW) (demonstrations may or may not include actual discharge of the device) including:
- deployment methods, firing vs. drive stun,
- proper aftercare and probe removal,
- carry location and retention of E.C.W., and
- safety guidelines on duration and number of cycles applied."
4.1.12 "Demonstrate basic techniques for the reasonable use of chemical agents (demonstrations may or may not include actual discharge of the chemical agent) including:
- delivery systems and methods for chemical agents,
- dissemination methods of chemical agents,
- factors to be considered before deploying chemical agents,
- familiarization with the effects of chemical agents on a subject,
- actual or simulated exposure to chemical agents in simulated law enforcement scenarios, and
- after-care considerations and decontamination procedures."
4.1.13 Demonstrate operation of and proficiency with weapons used by peace officers including impact weapons, electronic control devices, and chemical agents.
* Firearms Operations
4.2.1 "Explain and demonstrate weapon retention and disarming techniques including:
- tactical positioning for gun retention defense,
- retention of holstered weapons,
- drawn handgun retention techniques,
- disarming techniques, and
- long gun retention techniques."
4.2.2 Demonstrate basic principles of safe handling, operating, and shooting handguns and long guns including stance, grip, trigger pressure, sight alignment, and sight picture in standing, kneeling and roll over prone shooting positions.
4.2.3 "Demonstrate proficiency (minimum score of 70% at each required distance) with shooting handguns including:
- close quarter shooting skills with a handgun including ability to rapidly fire multiple rounds from close quarters (no more than 2 yards from target) position,
- medium range shooting skills with a handgun including the ability to shoot with dominant and with non-dominant hand in both supported and unsupported shooting positions in a medium range (no closer than 5 yards and no further than 7 yards) position, and
- longer distance shooting skills with a handgun including the ability to draw and fire at a target that is (15 to 25 yards) away."
4.2.4 Demonstrate weapon handling including close quarter unsupported, weapon hand supported and unsupported, reaction hand supported and unsupported, and proficiency with a handgun from standing, kneeling or prone position.
4.2.5 "Participate in exercises and live fire or simulation drills involving:
- shooting from a down position,
- non-dominant hand drawing and shooting,
- use of non-traditional sight picture for aiming at close range (3 to 5 yards)."
4.2.6 "Participate in malfunction drills using dummy rounds that include:
- open and closed chamber malfunction drills with handgun,
- weapons transition drills, and
- one-handed malfunction drills with both dominant and non-dominant hand."
4.2.7 Define the terms cover and concealment as they pertain to peace officer firearms drills.
4.2.8 Demonstrate shooting from behind cover and on the move.
4.2.9 "Practice decision making skills while participating in firearms simulation scenarios including:
- multiple opponents (live fire on multiple targets),
- targets that fail to stop,
- low light/night shooting techniques including use of flashlight techniques in live-fire drills in low light/night conditions, and
- reloading under fire including pistol, rifle, and shotgun."
4.2.10 Demonstrate proficiency in basic long gun shooting skills, including proper handling and operation of the firearm, accuracy in shooting, and adherence to safety protocols.
* Practical Use of Force Decision-Making
4.3.1 Evaluate situations requiring the use of force, demonstrate when force is necessary and authorized, discuss reasonable force options, identify factors that determine the reasonableness of force, and apply this knowledge to evaluate the use of force scenarios in compliance with relevant policies and legal standards.
4.3.2 Assess and (verbally in writing) articulate the reasons for using force, including pre-assaultive indicators and situational factors, and accurately document the incident according to policies and legal requirements.
4.3.3 Describe situational implications, such as trauma, substance use, and mental health, which may require law enforcement officers to evaluate safety and apply appropriate use of force according to legal and policy standards.
* Emergency Vehicle Operations and Polics Pursuit
4.4.1 "Successfully complete at least seven hours of classroom and skills based instruction in emergency vehicle operations and in the conduct of police pursuits (Minn. Stat.8458, Subd, 4.) including:
- basic motor vehicle operation,
- defensive and evasive driving,
- emergency response driving, and
- legal and policy aspects of pursuits."
4.4.2 Explain the implications of Minn. Stat. 169.753 which states “Law enforcement officers operating patrol motor vehicles shall be trained in the use and application of first aid equipment” and Minn. Stat. 626.8452, which requires officers be trained in the use of those weapons and equipment the officer is issued or authorized to carry (including those carried in emergency vehicles operated by the officer).
4.4.3 Describe the psychological and physiological dynamics of emergency response and pursuits and how they may affect judgment, perception and decision making.
4.4.4 Given police pursuit scenarios, explain the considerations for continuance and termination of pursuit.
4.4.5 Discuss the physical, psychological, and emotional effects that officers experience immediately after a pursuit and identify available resources for addressing these effects.
4.4.6 Discuss how pursuit policy issues affect the conduct of pursuits by peace officers and pursuit related mandatory reporting.
* Radio and Other Euipmetn Operations
4.5.1 Demonstrate the proficient operation of law enforcement radios and communications equipment in live training scenarios and the operation of commonly provided equipment in patrol vehicles, such as cameras, dash cams, mobile computers, emergency lights, and sirens.
4.5.2 Demonstrate proficiency in utilizing information technology tools for law enforcement and public safety, including accessing, managing, integrating, and analyzing crime data and trends. Identify and utilize federal, state, and local criminal justice databases and other commonly used data sources and websites in law enforcement.
4.5.3 Demonstrate use of information technology tools to access, manage, integrate and create information for law enforcement and public safety purposes including interpreting crime data and trends.
4.5.4 Identify federal, state and local criminal justice databases and other data sources and websites frequently used by peace officers.
Credit Details
Lecture: 5
Lab: 7
OJT: 0
MnTC Goal Area(s): None